On 1/27/04 (7:11:52 AM MST), (Honor Conklin ([log in to unmask]) wrote, "Since the Goody Garlicke matter had to do with the death of Elizabeth (Gardiner) Howell, (Mrs. Arthur), many writings on Lion Gardiner (Elizabeth's father) will mention the trial to varying degrees. Lion Gardiner interceded for the Garlickes, her husband being employed by Gardiner on Gardiner's Island." Gardiner's Island is in the Hamlet of Spring in the Town of East Hampton, Suffolk County. Springs is one of those many communities on Long Island where none of the places in Springs have a "Springs, NY" mailing address. The pertinent geography: Springs is a hamlet (an unincorporated area) in the central part of the Town of East Hampton, Suffolk County. There are currently 2 villages (municipal corporations) and 7 hamlets all or partly in the Town of East Hampton. There are no cities and 10 towns in Suffolk County. There are 2 Indian reservations in Suffolk County. (I'm including after my name a NYS Geographic Glossary with the NYS definitions of county, city, town, village, hamlet and postal zone.) Beginning on the north and moving in a clockwise direction, the Hamlet of Springs is bordered on the north and east by Gardiner's Bay; on the south by the Hamlet of Amagansett and the Hamlet of East Hampton North; and, on the west by the Hamlet of Northwest Harbor. The Hamlet of Springs includes Gardiner's Island, the largest (about 3,000 acres) privately owned island in the U.S., settled by colonist Lion Gardiner in 1639 as the first permanent English settlement in New York State and has been owned for over 300 years by his descendants. Gardiner's Island is in Gardiner's Bay, between the North Fork and the South Fork peninsulas at the eastern end of Suffolk County, on the eastern end of Long Island. And, as occurs in every one of Suffolk County's 157 communities (0 cities, 31 villages and 126 hamlets), the hamlet and the postal zone that use the same name, have much different borders: In this case there is no "Springs, NY" postal zone and places in the Hamlet of Springs have an "East Hampton, NY 11937" address. For those who have their copy of the 2002 or earlier editions of the LI Population Survey or have already downloaded the report from the Long Island Power Authority web site (eMail me directly if you need instructions on how to access and download the report), you'll find the Hamlet of Springs in the Town of East Hampton, Suffolk County on pages 15 & 32 (map) and 33 (population estimate). I hope this information is useful or, at least, interesting. Walter Greenspan . Cities, Towns, Villages, Hamlets and Postal Zones in New York State New York State is divided into counties. County A county is a municipal corporation, a subdivision of the state, created to perform state functions; a "regional" government. All counties are divided into cities, towns and Indian reservations. City A city is a unique governmental entity with its own special charter. Cities are not sub-divided, except into neighborhoods, which are informal geographic areas. Town A town is a municipal corporation and encompasses all territory within the state except that within cities or Indian reservations. Towns can be sub-divided into villages and hamlets. Village A village is a general purpose municipal corporation formed voluntarily by the residents of an area in one or more towns to provide themselves with municipal services. The pattern of village organization is similar to those of a city. A village is divided into neighborhoods, which are informal geographic areas. Hamlet A hamlet is an unincorporated area in one or more towns that is governed at-large by the town(s) it is in. A hamlet is divided into neighborhoods, which are informal geographic areas. Postal Zone "City" and "Town" A postal zone "City" and "Town" is an administrative district established by the U.S. Postal Service to deliver the mail. Postal zone "City" and "Town" may not (but are encouraged to) conform to municipal or community borders. Thus, postal zone location does not always determine city, village or hamlet location. Please be aware: In many areas of New York State, the problem of non-conforming postal zones leads to a situation where the majority of places have a different community name in their mailing address than the community where that place is actually located.