The Encyclopedia of New York City indicates Astoria was incorporated in
1839 (p. 968) and Long Island City incorporated in 1870 (p. 691).  I
don't think the other neighborhoods in Queens became villages; the towns
of Flushing, Jamaica, and Maspeth/Newtown, of course, date back to the
1640s and 1650s.
Natalie Naylor, Hofstra University